The Temple of Abu Simbel is the largest temple carved into the rock in the world, is a verse in the ancient architecture and engineering. The carving in a piece of rock on the west bank of the Nile in a position very beautiful. It is difficult to imagine why there are such huge buildings in a remote area in the country, and therefore two explanations: either the Tel Abu Simbel his sanctity, or that the Pharaoh wanted to impress the neighbors in the area near the Second Cataract Verehm strength and richness.
There is evidence that the origins of the idea in the construction of a temple in Abu Simbel was Seti I do not doubt that much of the interior had been carved before becoming Ramses II throne but to the extent to which the Seti is responsible for the final form, particularly the interface that's what we do not know. As usual, not because of any preferred Ramses his predecessors.
The prisoners of war by the construction of the temple and finished their work before the year 1259 BC. and had been dedicated to the worship of "Ra'a," such as several temples in Nubia. This machine has been merged with the sun and usually portrays the human body and falcon head wearing a sun disk, and the purpose of the temple and place of worship is the sun
The most important features and front of the temple within the four large statues of the king carved in rock hill. And these statues are seated, two on each side of the entrance rise by more than 65 feet and represent King Ramses wearing the double crown of Egypt, and every statue and between the legs, we find statues of Queen Nefertari, "pretty ugly" and some children royal Although they appeared in large scale but their shape seems to small for the statues of luxury. Each of the four groups stand on a high base, inscribed with the cartouche of Ramses and a group of prisoners Asians and Negroes.
The thrones shaped box that sits by the statues were carved groups of conventional representing the union of earthly and the interface that is the rear view of the statues of the four were carved in the form, said a Cornish engraved with a row of monkeys raised arms to the top of the form of a statue of the sun god "Ra'a "a head falcon, which has been designated the temple.
And connected to the entrance to the lobby of a large by two rows of four columns square lean by huge statues of the king, standing wearing the double crown and carrying a stick and the mace has been covered with columns and walls of the lobby, which reached a height of 30 feet scenes and religious texts and the work of the King of war in their struggle against the Hittites in Syria and Kush in Sudan, The the ceiling is decorated with scenes conventional nozzle and punishment with a wing Almmdodin.
And connected to the entrance to the lobby of a large by two rows of four columns square lean by huge statues of the king, standing wearing the double crown and carrying a stick and the mace has been covered with columns and walls of the lobby, which reached a height of 30 feet scenes and religious texts and the work of the King of war in their struggle against the Hittites in Syria and Kush in Sudan, The The ceiling is decorated with scenes conventional nozzle and punishment with a wing lying
We find in the northern and western walls entrances lead to a set of rooms was often used as repositories for the priests Fmnazer walls are all religious.
East front of the door on the western wall Viousel to the lobby of his bishop, carrying a small square Viousel four columns to the lobby carrying a small square bishop four columns and landscape, all in the lobby of a religious nature. And up next to a small room reached to the Holy of Holies, which contains three sections in the western wall of two on both sides of the Dar Touselan into classrooms is carved and the Central and based on the axis of the temple straight and had identified the Holy of Holies, in the west wall of the Holy of Holies, we find four statues sitting carved into the rock, Hur, and the statues of Ptah, and Ramesses II himself with the god of the sun god Amun-Re, in the middle of the room, we find them offering table is carved and the victims and sacrifices made when it was bright sunlight enters after dawn.
The most important feature of this temple from the other temples of the ancient Egyptians to enter the sun in the early morning to the Holy of Holies and access to the four statues, Vtdi this place deep in the rock and away from the entrance about sixty meters. In 1874 the unexplored Miss Amelia Eduarz and the team facilities in the monitoring of this phenomenon and recorded in her book published in 1899 (thousand miles on the Nile) as follows: become statues of the Holy of Holies, high-impact and surrounded by a halo beautiful prestige and dignity at sunrise and fall of the rays it, if the footage did not observe the fall of the sun this doubt in the carefully measured a strong impact as astronomy and mathematics at the ancient Egyptian, as accurately and directed towards a certain angle so that these rays fall on the faces of the four statues.
In the sixth hour and twenty-five minutes on 21 or Golden or five o'clock and fifty-five minutes on October 21 of just about every year sneak Sunbeam soft paper like a revelation down over the face of King Ramses, embraced and accepted, a flood of light filled portrayed the Pharaoh in his room in the Holy of Holies in the heart of the temple solemn, a sense of awe and fear, thrill lightly shake the heart, as if the beam had held your shaking your depths strongly magical immersive, magical as any ambiguity shake your identity and you live for the moments of a miracle, and then multiply Sunbeam fast component beam of light shining the faces of the four statues in the Holy of Holies.
Is it not strange really not change the accounts priests, engineers, artists and men of Egyptian astronomy through the journey length of time over three thousand and three hundred years.
It is known that as a result of the movement true to the earth's rotation in a nearly circular orbit around the sun, it followed the movement of virtual to the rotation of the sun on the so-called circuit zodiac revealed a circle inclined by 23.5 degrees on what he calls the astronomers circle celestial equator, so the sun movement daily for the place that shines from on the horizon, it rises from the direction of true east on 21 March and 23 September each year and are the beginning of spring and autumn.
In the spring and summer, it rises from the east with the deviation of a few degrees to the north where the value of this deviation maximum on June 21 in the amount of 23.5 degrees from the north, while in autumn and winter, it rises from the east with the deviation of a few degrees to the south where the value of this deviation can be as much as on December 21 in the amount of 23.5 degrees to the south .. Thus, if there is a long corridor on the horizon and closed to the west, the sun lying directly on the wall will be closed twice a year, if it was the focus of this corridor to the east or deviant about the north or the south at an angle 23.5 degrees maximum.
Therefore, entry of the sun temple at Abu Simbel twice a year and Tamayora the statues of the four holy of holies This is normal because the degree of deviation from the true east is ten and a half degrees to the south.
But the miracle remains .. If the sun perpendicular on willingly and deliberately before a specific sculpture .. Because that would require full knowledge of the origins of astronomy .. And many accounts to determine the angle of deviation of the axis of the temple on the Middle .. Next miracle in architecture to be a straight axis for a distance of more than sixty meters in particular that the temple carved into the rock?! .
It was said that on 21 February and 21 October are rejoicing the birth of Ramses II sit on the throne .. With that there is no historical reference to confirm or even refers to this statement.
Confirms our question this .. References to statements by some that there is evidence that the origins of the idea in the construction of a temple in Abu Simbel was Seti I, and a large part of the home had been carved before taking the throne, Ramses II.
I believe that these two days the beginning of the planting season when the ancient Egyptians (21 October) after the retreat of the flood water that was flooding and all the arable land and the beginning of the harvest season (February 21) for some crops that can eat a green Kalpsal and green beans. They are undoubtedly two days are important in human life when the ancient Egyptian land were cultivated once a year for the irrigation system Balehiad
This was confirmed to believe what he wrote, "I Kitchen" at the beginning of chapter IV of the book (the Pharaoh Ramses II of glory and victory), that is almost, the sun on 27 of June, the third (early June 1279 BC) to announce the coronation of King Ramses II, after the death of his father King Seti the First.
We turn now to the report of the geological from the temple which was prepared by the Office of the Consultant France at the request of UNESCO and the Egyptian government and released in Paris in October 1960, the report says in Chapter III of Part XII reads: There is a strong likelihood that the center of the great temple in Abu Simbel was not chosen deliberately by Architects and engineers of the ancient Egyptians, but it imposed on them as a result of geological structures within the rock, as the report states that this is not the only case, but that the focus of HATOR Temple of the Goddess of Love and Beauty at the ancient Egyptians imposed on the ancient architects, also for reasons relating to geology veined rock.
It was the Sun is a god first at the ancient Egyptians, and was the sun, "Ra'a" is the greatest gods, they have set up a temple and tied it named names and took the city of the sun the center of worship, and the purpose of carving temple of Abu Simbel in a rocky mountain in a place flung sacred to them, is the worship of the sun at sunrise. Therefore, since the era before the construction of the Pyramids The ancient Egyptians interested in tracking the movement of the sun between stars and monitored carefully regular basis.
It highlights evidence on the accuracy of their observations and others previously in the monitoring and study the movements of celestial bodies in-depth study based on Meteorological minutes regularly, and knowing the fundamentals of mathematics:
First: they used a calendar astronomically perfect from the ancient times have taken a year asterisk as the basic unit for measuring time, and measured the length of 365.25 on the phenomenon of combustion Shrooqi Sirius Alemnip This was happening at the time of the Nile flood, and show inscriptions that they knew that before building the pyramids, and created a calendar year, divided to twelve months of thirty days each plus five at the end of the year where festivals are held harmed. The contemporaries of the Romans, Greeks and Assyrians were caught in attempts to link early months of the lunar month with the early civilization. And this tells us that they are cursed to study movement of the sun virtual center of the fixed stars since ancient times and derive from that stellar throughout the year and not in this to call it strange that the sun was the most important idols
Second: The building of the pyramids as tombs for kings because of their belief in the resurrection. Notes in the building of the pyramids when they were built 30 5 latitude north on the edge of the rock level and not in the middle, and sides of the rules apply with the original directions to the nearest five minutes arc new machinery. Equally sides to the nearest twenty centimeters, as well as the pathways italics apply to the level of the meridian, and the shining sun in seven months, half before and half after the summer solstice the four facets when the meridian, have concluded that some astronomers now have corridors of the Interior was used machines meridian to observe stars and the light Sirius was vertically on the southern side of the Great Pyramid in 2700 BC.
Tells us the precision in determining the trends and positioning Besaoptha as measured at the present time the use of modern equipment to the Egyptian priests, who were supervising the builders of the pyramids to be and that they used the astronomical observations in the set.
And monuments that show their attention to study celestial zodiac celebrity photos sweetened the roof Dandara and now in the Louvre in Paris and the inscriptions on the walls showing the hours of day and night and phases of the Moon and the path of the sun among the stars.
We have tailored a program for computer and fed with data and astronomical data, geographic, topographic and be credited to the corners of the rising sun above the horizon named Heaven (horizontal) of the temple of Abu Simbel each day throughout the year, as well as calculate the angles of horizontal to the sun shining at the latitude of different ancient Egypt, the beginning of the line width of 20 degree to 35 degrees.
It was clear from the accounts that the difference angle horizontal to the sun bright in the days of parity on February 21 and 21 October to narrow as we head south, it is Memphis 9.2 min arc and Taib 7.5 minutes arc, which may indicate that the choice of the temple in the south may be, see the reasons for astronomical and architectural side of the sanctity of the place, The horizontal angle is the angle of the sun from the north geographic measured toward the east, a corner that should apply exactly the direction of axis of the temple on February 21 and 21 October in order to be the phenomenon of radiation perpendicular to the Holy of Holies at sunrise. As the angle of axis of the temple from the north geographic is one hundred degrees and thirty-three minutes arc and thirty-three arc seconds as measured in the direction of the Middle East before the temple was moved to the top of the plateau during the sixties of this century to save it from sinking under the waters of the High Dam Lake, as it should be noted that the relocation of the temple and then re-installed was meticulously engineered to be considered in accordance with architectural unprecedented.
As evidenced by the accounts that the sun is supposed to shine on the Temple of Abu Simbel on February 21 at the sixth and twenty-two minutes if there is no eyebrow Typography on the horizon to the east.
But it is established that the phenomenon occurs at six and six and twenty minutes, and when they match the angle horizontal to the sun with an angle towards the axis of the temple just as it was during this overage minutes the sun rose above the horizon by 34 min arc and became the hills on the eastern side of the Nile do not mask the arrival of rays Temple of the Holy of Holies. There is thus a relationship between the high hills to the east and the angle of the direction of axis of the temple.
This conclusion is so evident that the direction of axis of the temple was chosen meticulously pre-determined before the sculpture to the phenomenon of perpendicular rays of the sun on the Holy of Holies, on 21 February and 21 October every year and the calculations carried out on the basis of the assets of astronomy, geography, topography and sports sound almost three thousand and three hundred years.
We now return to on 21 February and 21 October uncertainty in the significance of each of them are two that are identical in angles horizontal to the sun shining at Abu Simbel, and we would like to say that there are days replica such as on 22 February to 20 October, and that the differences in angle horizontal to the sun shining between these the last four days does not exceed twenty minutes arc is likely to be the last four days have significance in ancient Egyptian history, the possibility of side core and two days February 21 and 21 October.
We would also like to say that the axis of the temple before being transferred to the top of the plateau is not necessarily exactly the same trend in the years of construction of the temple for three thousand three hundred years, where can this trend may have changed by no more than with twenty minutes arc for reasons astronomical They change the Geographical North result of the cycle star Arctic true land of the session of each twenty-two thousand years, especially since the Meteorological astronomers of the ancient Egyptians were accredited to monitor the star the Arctic, and this is not the crux of the matter Statute, since studies have shown that this effect is small, but the impact of the stronger is the movement of the earth's crust in Egypt as a result of shifts in continents and this has been demonstrated in studies modern geophysical measurement of gravitational ground on the High Dam Lake, as well as studies of modern space using lasers to monitor the satellite for use in the area of geodesy, and the area around the High Dam Lake has the activity of earthquake in ancient times as a result of Faulting Kalabsha natural there has been an earthquake in 1210 BC, led to a shattered one of the four statues on the front temple during the reign of the Second City, where he is the king restored the first statues located on the north gate, which started by some signs of damage.
We would also like to point out also that the sides of the bases of the pyramids apply with the trends of origin to the nearest five minutes arc new machinery, as mentioned above, there is a Recent research indicates that this difference very small no more than five minutes arc not the result of a defect in construction or the fault of The ancient architects, but the result of the movements of the earth's crust in Lower Egypt, and that these movements in the crust of the largest land of Upper Egypt.
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